The review on genetics, epigenetics, risk factors and diagnosis of colon cancer

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men and third leading cause in women. The possibility of developing colorectal cancer in women is 4.4% and in men is 4.7%. According to ACS report, 95 thousand new colon cancer cases and 39 thousand new rectal cancer cases were reported in 2017. Among adult 50 years of age and older, the incidence rate has been reduced by 4.5%, and among those younger than age 50, it is increased by 1.8% from 2008-2012. The improvement in early detection and treatment has declined the mortality rates by 2.8% per year from 2003 to 2012. There is no typical signs and symptoms at the early stages of colorectal cancer. Rectal bleeding, cramping pain in lower abdomen, decreased appetite, and weight loss is the symptoms of colorectal cancer. The survival rate of colorectal cancer is 60-64%.