Thermal characterization of porous longitudinal rectangular moving fin wetted with GO-MoS₂-Al₂O₃/C₂H₆O₂-H₂O ternary hybrid nanofluid

This study examines the flow properties of a ternary hybrid nanofluid composed of GO-MoS₂-Al₂O₃ in a base mixture of C₂H₆O₂-H₂O (50%–50%) fluid as it moves through a porous longitudinal rectangular fin. The primary objective aimed to analyze the influence of nanoparticle concentration and its shape on the heat transfer rate of the system. Darcy’s model was utilized to analyze the flow and thermal behaviour of the nanofluid within the fin, incorporating temperature-dependent natural convection and radiation effects. The governing thermal equilibrium equation is transitioned to non-dimensional form and numerically solved using the 3 stage Lobatto–IIIa numerical technique, incorporating suitable boundary conditions for convective and insulated tips. The simulation results illustrate the impact of various similarity parameters on the thermal behaviour of the fin and the heat transfer rate. Natural convection, radiation and wet porous parameter are the key similarity parameters that determine the heat transfer rate of our proposed model. In our investigation, the heat transfer rate of convective fin tip was enhanced by 14.61%, 25% and 6.5% compared to an insulated tip for (Formula presented.) Changing the shapes of the nanoparticle from spherical to lamina, the temperature distribution on the fin enhanced by 23.26%. The findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of thermal management systems in industries.