Thermo-electric modeling and analysis of lithium-ion battery pack for E-mobility

Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional internal combustion vehicles by utilizing a clean energy source. The advancement and expansion of electric cars rely on the progress of electrochemical batteries. The utilization of Lithium-Ion Batteries is widespread primarily because of its notable energy density. Changes influence the performance of these batteries in temperature. The Thermal Management System of the battery is one of the very important systems in EVs to improve the performance and life of the battery. The geometrical spacing of the cell modules is considered identical for a more accurate comparison of temperature distribution. For better cooling and heat dissipation, the battery pack’s two sides are kept entirely open to facilitate the inflow of air. In this work, active BTMS solutions are selected and analyzed using the development of three-dimensional free, open-source OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics simulations for accurate thermal modeling and hotspot zones in cylindrical battery packs. The outcome of the simulations is compared using parameters like temperature distribution in battery cells, battery modules, and heat generation. Among all the cell temperature zones, the temperature maximum is near the sixth cell of the module depth. OpenFOAM results validated with the existing literature’s experimental and Ansys results. Air cooling is utilized for cooling performance because of its relatively simple structure and lightweight.