Triglycerides and metabolic syndrome: from basic to mechanism–A narrative review

Content: The impact of triglyceride levels is important to understand the changes in metabolism and structure. With an increase in obesity and hyperlipidemia due to diet; cardiovascular and neuronal structural changes have been shown to be more distinct. Objective: This review aims to discuss the pathophysiology and mechanisms involved in increased levels of triglycerides leading to vascular impairment, metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline. Methods: The literature search was performed using the PubMed, Google scholar and Scopus databases, among which 180 articles were shortlisted based on key words, abstract, materials and methods and results. Among these 75 articles have been cited for the review. Results and Discussion: The review discusses the impact of hypertriglyceridemia on metabolism, triglyceride storage, and neurovascular integrity, highlighting mechanisms contributing to vascular dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive deterioration. Conclusion: Elevated triglyceride levels are a key factor in altering metabolic pathways and structural integrity in cardiovascular and neuronal systems. This review provides insights into the mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders caused by elevated triglyceride levels, It highlights the need for further studies to provide more supportive evidence and address existing limitations in understanding these changes.