Video parameters for action observation training in stroke rehabilitation: a scoping review

Purpose: Action observation training (AOT) is a therapeutic approach used in stroke rehabilitation. Videos form the core of AOT, and knowledge of constituent parameters is essential to make the intervention robust and generalizable. Currently, there is a dearth of available information on video parameters to be used for AOT. Our purpose was to identify and describe the parameters that constitute AOT videos for stroke rehabilitation. Method: Electronic databases like PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Ovid SP from inception to date according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were done independently by two authors, with a third author for conflict resolution. Data on video parameters like length, quality, perspective, speed, screen size and distance, sound, and control videos were extracted. Results: Seventy studies were included in this review. The most-reported parameters were video length (85.71%) and perspective of view (62.85%). Movement speed (7.14%) and sound (8.57%) were the least reported. Static landscapes or geometrical patterns were found suitable as control videos. Conclusion: Most video parameters except for length and perspective of view remain underreported in AOT protocols. Future studies with better descriptions of video parameters are required for comprehensive AOT interventions and result generalisation.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Videos shorter than 5 min may be preferred during action observation training (AOT) intervention in post-stroke. Egocentric view may be better for upper limb dexterity function and allocentric view for gross actions like walking. Choice of video disseminating device depends on its dimension as well as observer distance. Movement speed, video sound, and quality must be considered to obtain more comprehensive AOT videos.