TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D attenuates biofilm-associated infections via immunomodulation and cathelicidin expression
T2 - a narrative review
AU - Benson, Ruby
AU - Unnikrishnan, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan
AU - Kurian, Shilia Jacob
AU - Velladath, Saleena Ummer
AU - Rodrigues, Gabriel Sunil
AU - Chandrashekar Hariharapura, Raghu
AU - Muraleedharan, Anju
AU - Bangalore Venkateshiah, Dinesh
AU - Banerjee, Barnini
AU - Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay
AU - Johnson, Aieshel Serafin
AU - Munisamy, Murali
AU - Rao, Mahadev
AU - Kochikuzhyil, Benson Mathai
AU - Sekhar Miraj, Sonal
N1 - Funding Information:
This paper was not funded.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Introduction: Infections are becoming more difficult to treat, at least partly on account of microbes that produce biofilms. Reports suggest that decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and biofilm formation are all associated with vitamin D deficiency, making vitamin D–deficient individuals more susceptible to infection. Infections attributable to biofilm-producing microbes can be managed by adjuvant therapy with vitamin D because of its immunomodulatory role, particularly because of the ability of vitamin D-pathway to induce the antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin and decrease proinflammatory cytokines. Areas covered: This narrative review covers biofilm formation, infections associated with biofilm due to vitamin D deficiency, putative role of vitamin D in host protection and the effect of vitamin D supplementation in biofilm-associated infections. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar utilizing suitable keywords at multiple time points extracted relevant articles Expert Opinion: Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated with infections by biofilm producing microbes, comprehensive clinical trials in various ethnicities are required to understand the likely relationships between vitamin D receptor gene expression, cathelicidin levels, and infection outcome. Current evidence hypothesizes that maintaining normal vitamin D level can help prevent and treat these infections.
AB - Introduction: Infections are becoming more difficult to treat, at least partly on account of microbes that produce biofilms. Reports suggest that decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and biofilm formation are all associated with vitamin D deficiency, making vitamin D–deficient individuals more susceptible to infection. Infections attributable to biofilm-producing microbes can be managed by adjuvant therapy with vitamin D because of its immunomodulatory role, particularly because of the ability of vitamin D-pathway to induce the antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin and decrease proinflammatory cytokines. Areas covered: This narrative review covers biofilm formation, infections associated with biofilm due to vitamin D deficiency, putative role of vitamin D in host protection and the effect of vitamin D supplementation in biofilm-associated infections. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar utilizing suitable keywords at multiple time points extracted relevant articles Expert Opinion: Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated with infections by biofilm producing microbes, comprehensive clinical trials in various ethnicities are required to understand the likely relationships between vitamin D receptor gene expression, cathelicidin levels, and infection outcome. Current evidence hypothesizes that maintaining normal vitamin D level can help prevent and treat these infections.
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U2 - 10.1080/14787210.2023.2151439
DO - 10.1080/14787210.2023.2151439
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36440493
AN - SCOPUS:85143691864
SN - 1478-7210
VL - 21
SP - 15
EP - 27
JO - Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
JF - Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
IS - 1
ER -